Composite roofing.



H. GILLETT. COMPOSITE BOOPING. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1, 1910.

1 ,0443740 Patented Nov. 19, 1912.

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'will efiectually retain, with UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY'GILLETT, OE CLEVELAD, OHIO.

COMPOSITE nooFING;

specificati@ of Letters Patent. Patented Nov. 19, 1912.

Application filed August 1, 1910. Serial No. 574,770.

To all 'whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that Il, HARRY GILLnTr, a'

/State of Ohio, have invented a certain new` and useful Improvement in Composite Roofing, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings. v

This invention relates to composite roofings; that is to say, to roolings which are built up into a continuous structure as they are laid, as distinguished from roofings which are made up in advance and are afterward laid and which, when so laid, present distinct joints between the adjacent sections. `The purpose of this invention is to provide a light, strong, water proof, fire proof, and durable composite roofing, which is conformable to the various -conditions and incidents of use; which shall be extremely convenient of application and in which. the fastening means for the lowermost layers will be effectively protected and without the use of slag or gravel coating. r

A further object of the invention provide av practical composite roofing consisting largely of inorganic solid-fibered` material which, while being substantially lire-proof as well as non-heat conductive,

evaporation, the water-proofing material applied thereto.

With the foregoing general objects, in View, the mvention may be defined further as consisting in the novel features of construct-ion and the combinations of parts and elements to be hereinafter particularly described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a fragmentary plan view of a piece of roong constructed in accordance with my invention, the roofing being designed with special reference to a roofstructure having wooden sheathing, parts of the overlying layers being turned back to disclosethe underlying layers and to illustrate the manner of building up the roofing; Fig. 2 represents a transverse sectional view corresponding to the line 2-2 of Fig.4 l; and Fig. 3 an enlarged sectional detail of the sheathing and roofing.

Describing the various parts by reference characters, 1 denotes the lfoundation on is to' a minimum of foundation herein shown being the wooden sheathing commonly employed with frame and brick constructions.v To this foundation there is applied a covering consisting of a series of two-ply sheets of inorganic solid-fibered material, designated generally by the reference character a. The two-ply sheets consist each of a lower ply 2 of unsaturated asbestos felt and an upper ply 3 of the same inorganic fibrous material which has been saturated with water-proofing material, preferablyi asphalt, the two plies being united by means of a coating 4 of waterproof adhesive, such as asphalt, applied therebetween and the two plies being subto each other, through said adhesive coating. The covering a forms a water-proof coating in which the pitch or asphalt. which renders the coating water-proof is kept out of contact with the sheathing bythe lower ply 2 and such lower ply serves as anonconducting layer interposed between the sheathing and the water-proofedv ply to keep the lattr ply intact; that is to say, unalfected by changesin temperature beneath the sheathing.

The cover a is applied to the sheathing in fcourses, the lower edge of one course overlapping the upper edge of the next lower course and lbeing secured thereto by nails 5. To the covering a there is next applied a coating b of water-proof adhesive, preferably asphalt, which is mopped onto the upper surface of a in courses, beginning at the lower end of the coating a and workingv upward. The first course will be somewhat more than half the Width of the rst course of the covering a and will be used as an adhesive for a strip 6 of saturated asbestos felt, the upper edge of each course being nailed to the sheathing and through the subjacent covering'a, as shown at 6l in Fig. 1. The next course of water-proof adhesive covers a similar width of the covering a and the entire surface of the strip 6. A strip 7 of the full width of the lower strip of the covering a is then applied to the upper surfaces of the covering a; and the strip 6 and is rolled down into adhesive engagement therewith, the upper end of the strip 7 being secured to the sheathing by nails 8. The next coating of water-proof adhesive will be of the'same width as the one just described and wicover a portion v of the second strip of lthe covering a and coating,

or may be applied to the paint, and a final namely; by means of nails 8b the upper portion of the strip 7. This coating serves as an adhesive for thestrip 7a of saturated asbestos felt, the upper edge of which is secured to the sheathing by'nails 8a. The successive strips` 7F etc., will be applied to the sheathing and covering. a in the same manner as the strips 7 and 7a, and by the coating of asphalt Z). By the application of the strips 6, 7 etc., a water-proof coating c i's formed in which each row of nails 5, 6a, 8, etc., is covered with at least two sheets or plies of water-proof protecting material. While utilizing nails as the means 'for securing the overlapping edges of the courses coating e may be applied to the roong, the final coating consisting of a series of courses or strips of two-ply material exactly similar to the first covering, a, with the exception that the plies are reversed and that nails are dispensed with as a securing means, the courses or strips 9 being merely rolled down upon the adhesive coating 10 therebeneath, with the joints lapped, as shown at 1,1.

The roofing above described possesses many advantages over others with which I am familiar. The advantage of the coating of non-saturated asbestos felt adjacent to the sheathing has been set forth. The various layers or coatings of saturated, asbestos felt and the manner of ap lying the sameto the roof makel leakage we l nigh impossible., A

great advantage which arises from the use of asbestos as the absorbing agent for the water-proofing material is that, being an inorganic solid-ibered material, there is no capillarity in the bers themselves, the only capillarity which exists in the felt being due to the Vcapillary spaces ,existing between. adjacent' ibers. The resultn is that the tendency to feed the water-proofing material to the exterior of the feltmass is reduced to a minimum, and the evaporation of the waterproofing material is correspondingly reduced.

The whole system or plan of roofing provides a roof which is' extremely` light, but which is of great leiliciency and durability.

For convenience of description, the porl tion oftheroof-at the bottom of4 Fig. 1 is assumed to be the lower end or bottom of the roof, the top of the roofb'eing opposite. the portion described but'being un finished; 'for the same reason, the terms upper and lower will be applied to the sheets of fabric applied to the roof, it being understood that my roofing is applicable to both fiat and inclined roofs, although being intended primarily for the former type. j

I-Iaving thus described my invention, what I claim is I- 1. A `roong comprising overlapping sheets of fabric, the overlapping sheets being joined by an adhesive compound, each sheet nailed at its upper edge only and extending down past the center line of the next underlying sheet only a sufficient distance to also overlap the upper nailed edge of a third sheet which is similarly overlapped a second' sheet, so that each nailed -joint is twice overlapped, once at approximately the center line of one sheet and again vby the lower edge of the next sheet above.

2. A roofing comprising overlapping sheets of fabric,l the overlapping sheets being joined by an adhesivecompound, each sheet nailed at its upper edge only and extending down past the center line of the next underlying sheet only a suiicient distance to also overlap the upper nailed .edge of a third sheet which is similarly overlapped by a second sheet, so that each nailed joint is twice overlapped, once at approxi mately the` center line of one sheet and again by' the lower edge of the next sheet above, and an underlying foundation covering of 'sheets of substantially the same width as those first mentioned but having merely a single lap at the edge nailed and located under the nailed laps of the irst and third above mentioned sheets.

3. A composite-roof consisting of a foundation'having appliedthereto the following,

coatings -rst, Va coating consisting of a series of overlapping sheets, each sheet consisting 'of a bottom ply of unsaturated inorganic flbrous material and an upper ply of inorganic fibrous material saturated with water-proofing material and cemented to the lower ply; second, a coating of water-proofing adhesive material; third, a coating c'onsisting of a series of overlapping sheets of inorganic fibrous material having .waterproofing 'material applied thereto; fourth, a

coating 'of water-proofing adhesive material fifth, a coating consisting of a series of overlapping sheets, each sheet consisting of a lowerply Aof inorganic fibrous material saturatedwith water-proofing and an outer ply of unsaturated inorganic fibrous material, the sheets being secured to the subjacent coating and to each other by means of water-proofing adhesive material.

. 4. In a roof, the combination of a founlas dation, a covering therefor comprising a serated plies of the two-ply foundation coverries of overlapped sheets, each sheet coning. 10 sisting of a bottom ply of unsaturated, In testimony whereof, l hereunto alix my fibrous, inorganic material and an upper signature in the presence of two witnesses.

ply of fibrous inorganic material saturated HARRY GILLETT.

with water-proofing material and cemented Witnesses: l

to the lower ply, and a plurality of plies of J. B. HULL,

inorganic material secured to the upper satu- BRENNAN B. WEST. 

